Surat is a prominent city located in Gujarat in India, situated along the Tapi River near the Arabian Sea. Surat is one of India's fastest-growing cities thanks to its contributions in the textile and diamond industries worldwide. Surat is the 2nd city in Gujarat state and 9th in India, known for its textile and diamond industries and three-quarters of world diamond cutting and polishing taking place here. Furthermore, Surat boasts the highest number of flyovers within Gujarat state. Surat is known by various nicknames such as "City of Diamonds", "Silk City of India", "Textile hub of India", "City of Bridges", "Mini Bharat" (Small India), "The Cleanest City", "City of Sun", "City of Golden Opportunities", "Future Economic Hub of India".

History of Surat:

Surat is home to over two millennia of history dating back to before 2,000 BCE, when it served as an important trading port during Mughal rule and was pivotal in linking India, Middle East, and Europe for trade purposes.

Surat was one of the East India Company's key ports during its 16th and 17th-century trade activities with textiles, spices, and other goods, as well as being home to prominent European traders from different nationalities such as Dutchmen, Portuguesemen and Brits.

Surat has evolved over centuries from being a major maritime trade hub into an industrial powerhouse, particularly within its diamond and textile sectors.

Economy:

Surat is among the wealthiest cities in India, boasting a diversified economy that relies heavily on various key sectors:

• Textiles: Surat is widely known as India's "Silk City" and "Fabric City" serving as an international center for synthetic fabrics like nylon. Additionally, textile processing and printing facilities can be found here as well as numerous textile mills and garment manufacturers.
• Diamond Industry: Surat is known as the "Diamond City of the World", processing over 90% of world diamonds for cutting, polishing, trading, and investing purposes. As one of the main centers for global diamond trading it boasts one of the highest concentrations of diamantaire businesses worldwide.
• Chemicals and Engineering: Surat has seen tremendous expansion in both its chemical and engineering sectors, contributing significantly to manufacturing goods for domestic as well as international markets.

Infrastructure and Urban Development:

Surat is one of India's Smart Cities Mission-designated smart cities that aim to improve urban infrastructure, foster sustainability initiatives and enhance quality of life for residents.

City officials have invested significantly in public transportation systems such as the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and currently-underway initiatives like metro rail system expansion.

Surat is highly esteemed for its outstanding waste management systems and cleanliness standards, and has consistently ranked as one of the cleanest cities in India in the Swachh Survekshan Rankings.

Population and Demographics:

• Population: Surat is one of the most populous cities in Gujarat with an estimated population of over 7 million (as per the 2021 census).
• Language: Gujarati is spoken and widely understood throughout Surat; Hindi and English can also be understood widely.
• Religion: Surat is home to an array of religious communities, such as Hindus, Muslims, Jains and others. Known for its vibrant festivals and multicultural atmosphere.

Culture and Tourism:

Surat is home to an expansive cultural heritage, drawing its inspiration from its long trade history, Mughal rulers, and European colonists. It is well known for its textile festivals, traditional dance forms, regional celebrations such as Diwali, Navratri and Makar Sankranti as well as its textile market.

Tourist Attractions in Surat:

Some popular attractions in Surat include Dumas Beach and Sarthana Nature Park as tourist destinations. Each beach is known for their natural beauty and serene surroundings. Meanwhile, Sarthana Nature Park features native animal species to the region, making an enjoyable visit.

Surat Castle was constructed by Surat Mughals during the 16th century to defend against pirate attacks and protect Surat from invasion from other cities. Since then, Jagdishchandra Bose Aquarium has become well known as an aquatic showcase, housing an array of aquatic species. Additionally, Dutch, Armenian, and British cemeteries provide a glimpse into Surat's colonial past.

Famous Food is Surat:

Surat is known for its robust and diverse food culture. Popular dishes in Surat include Surti Undhiyu, a flavorful mixed vegetable curry and Locho, a delicious steamed snack; Surti Khichdi is another comforting rice and lentil dish while Dhokla makes for an appealing steamed snack; Farsi Puri, Ghari, Jalebi are must-trys during a visit; Surat also stands out as being famous for sweets such as Surati Ghari made from ghee sugar dry fruits - all these dishes offer something special for every palate imaginable!

Education and Innovation:

Surat is home to a number of educational institutions, including universities, engineering colleges, and business schools. The Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU) and Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) are two prominent higher education institutions.

The city has embraced technology and innovation, especially in areas related to smart city development, digital governance, and entrepreneurship.

Transportation in Surat:

• Surat is easily accessible by road, rail and air:
• Surat Railway Station its railway station boasts excellent connectivity to other major cities across India.
• Surat Airport offers both domestic and limited international flights, further enhancing the city’s global connectivity.
• The Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) has developed efficient Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and is work

Sustainability and Environmental Initiatives:

Surat is committed to sustainable urban development. It has implemented various initiatives in waste management, water conservation, and green building projects.

City leaders have also embraced solar energy and green technologies, helping reduce its carbon footprint.

Surat is expected to continue its rapid growth in the coming decades. With plans for infrastructural upgrades, a growing economy, and a focus on sustainability, Surat is well-positioned to become one of India’s leading cities in terms of innovation, quality of life, and economic opportunities.